What Does a Periodontist Do for Receding Gums?
Receding gums, also known as gingival recession, is a common dental problem that exposes the roots of your teeth. This not only affects the aesthetic appearance of your smile but also increases your risk of tooth sensitivity, decay, and even tooth loss. Fortunately, a periodontist, a specialist in gum disease and the supporting structures of the teeth, can offer several effective treatments to address receding gums. Let's explore the range of solutions a periodontist might provide.
What causes receding gums in the first place?
Before diving into treatments, understanding the underlying causes is crucial. Receding gums can stem from several factors, including:
- Aggressive brushing: Scrubbing too hard with a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage gum tissue over time.
- Gum disease (periodontitis): This infection destroys the tissues that hold your teeth in place, leading to recession.
- Genetics: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to gum recession.
- Teeth grinding (bruxism): This habit puts excessive pressure on the teeth and gums.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly during pregnancy or menopause, can affect gum health.
- Misaligned teeth (malocclusion): Improper bite alignment can contribute to uneven gum recession.
How do periodontists treat receding gums?
The specific treatment a periodontist recommends will depend on the severity of the recession and its underlying cause. Here are some common procedures:
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Scaling and root planing: This deep cleaning procedure removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line, helping to control gum disease and potentially halt further recession. It's often a first step in treating gum recession caused by periodontitis.
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Soft tissue grafting: This surgical procedure involves taking tissue from another part of the mouth (often the palate) or using a synthetic graft to cover the exposed tooth roots. This helps to regenerate gum tissue and improve the appearance of the gums. There are different types of soft tissue grafts, such as free gingival grafts, connective tissue grafts, and pedicle grafts, each tailored to specific situations.
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Guided tissue regeneration (GTR): This advanced technique uses a special membrane to guide the growth of new bone and tissue around the teeth. It's often combined with other procedures to maximize results.
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Pinhole surgical technique: This minimally invasive procedure uses a small needle to reposition the gum tissue without the need for sutures or incisions. It's a less invasive alternative to traditional grafting.
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Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD): This is a protein derived from enamel that may be used to stimulate the regrowth of gum tissue. It's often used in conjunction with other procedures.
What are the long-term effects of untreated receding gums?
Ignoring receding gums can have significant consequences:
- Increased tooth sensitivity: Exposed tooth roots lack the protective enamel layer, making them vulnerable to temperature changes and sweet or acidic foods.
- Tooth decay: The exposed roots are more susceptible to decay.
- Tooth loss: Severe gum recession can weaken the support structures of the teeth, leading to loosening and eventual loss.
- Bad breath (halitosis): The exposed roots provide more surface area for bacteria to accumulate, contributing to bad breath.
How can I prevent receding gums?
Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some tips to protect your gums:
- Practice good oral hygiene: Brush twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush using gentle, circular motions. Floss daily to remove plaque between your teeth.
- Use a fluoride toothpaste: Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and helps to protect against decay.
- Visit your dentist regularly: Regular checkups and cleanings can help detect and treat gum disease early.
- Quit smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of gum disease and receding gums.
- Manage stress: Stress can exacerbate gum disease.
- Maintain a healthy diet: A balanced diet supports overall health, including gum health.
Are there non-surgical options for receding gums?
While surgical procedures are often necessary for significant gum recession, some non-surgical options may be available depending on the severity and cause. These might include improving brushing techniques, deep cleaning (scaling and root planing), and the use of certain mouthwashes. However, a periodontist will need to assess your individual situation to determine the most appropriate approach.
Receding gums are a serious condition that requires professional attention. If you notice signs of receding gums, schedule an appointment with a periodontist to discuss treatment options and preventive measures. Early intervention can often prevent further damage and preserve your smile.
