The Four Stages of Sanctification: A Journey of Growth in Christ
Sanctification, the process of becoming more Christ-like, is a lifelong journey, not a destination. While different theologians may approach the stages differently, a helpful framework divides the process into four key stages: Initial Justification, Progressive Sanctification, Complete Sanctification (or Glorification), and Preservation. These stages are interconnected and build upon one another, reflecting the dynamic relationship between God's grace and human response.
1. Initial Justification:
This is the foundational stage, the starting point of the sanctification journey. It's the moment when a person, through faith in Jesus Christ, receives God's forgiveness for sin and is declared righteous in God's sight. This isn't earned; it's a free gift from God based on Christ's atoning sacrifice on the cross. Justification is instantaneous and complete, separating us from the penalty of sin. It's the legal declaration of our right standing before God.
- Key Characteristics: Forgiveness of sins, imputed righteousness (God credits Christ's righteousness to us), adoption into God's family, peace with God. This is the "new birth" described in John 3:3-8.
2. Progressive Sanctification:
Following justification, we embark on progressive sanctification, a continuous process of growth in holiness. This is the ongoing work of the Holy Spirit transforming our hearts and minds to become more like Christ. It's characterized by gradual changes in our thoughts, feelings, actions, and relationships. This isn't about achieving perfection, but about striving towards it, empowered by God's grace.
- Key Characteristics: Spiritual growth, increased obedience to God's commands, growing love for God and others, overcoming sinful habits, increasing awareness of sin, a deeper understanding of God's Word. This involves actively pursuing spiritual disciplines such as prayer, Bible study, fellowship, and service.
3. Complete Sanctification (or Glorification):
This is the ultimate goal of sanctification. Complete sanctification, also called glorification, is the final state of perfection that will be attained only at Christ's return or at the moment of death for the believer. In this stage, we will be fully conformed to the image of Christ, free from all sin and imperfection. It’s the culmination of God’s work, bringing us into complete and everlasting union with Him.
- Key Characteristics: Complete freedom from sin, perfected holiness, full knowledge of God, eternal life in His presence, experiencing the fullness of God’s glory. This stage is beyond our current human experience.
4. Preservation:
This aspect isn't always explicitly categorized as a stage but is crucial. It refers to God's promise to keep those who are justified and undergoing sanctification secure in their salvation. While we may stumble and fall, God's grace keeps us from being permanently separated from Him. Preservation speaks to the security of our salvation. God’s faithfulness to His promises ensures our perseverance, enabling us to continue in our sanctification process.
- Key Characteristics: Assurance of salvation, God's unwavering love and commitment, the Holy Spirit's continual work in the believer's life, the perseverance of the saints.
Frequently Asked Questions:
What is the difference between justification and sanctification? Justification is a legal declaration of being right with God; sanctification is the ongoing process of becoming more like Christ. Justification is instantaneous; sanctification is progressive.
How long does sanctification take? A lifetime. It's an ongoing process that continues until we are with Christ.
Is it possible to achieve perfect sanctification in this life? No, complete sanctification is only achieved in the afterlife. We strive towards holiness in this life, but perfection is reserved for eternity.
What if I sin after I am justified? Does that mean I'm not saved? No. Justification is secure. While sin is a setback, it doesn't negate the work of God in your life. Confession and repentance are crucial aspects of progressive sanctification.
This framework provides a helpful understanding of the sanctification process. It emphasizes the ongoing work of God’s grace and the believer's active participation in pursuing spiritual growth and maturity. Remember, sanctification is a journey of faith, grace, and perseverance, culminating in the glorious completion of God's work in our lives.
